A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. ", Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, Created September 8, 2010, Updated August 25, 2016, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), conformity - fulfillment of a product, process or service of specified requirements. Falsification testing can only demonstrate non-conformance. Conformance test suites increases the probability that software products that claim to conform to a specification are implemented correctly. John Spacey, May 01, 2017. The alternative is falsification testing, which subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." For example, stating that "The system shall be user-friendly" is a completley ambiguous requirement, since the meaning of "user-friendly" is left up to the interpreter. Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, XML Test Suite is available from the NIST web site, http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html. A good specification should do four things: (1) Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, (3) list reproducible test methods to be used in testing for compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable award at the lowest possible cost. 2. Or even types of specifications when contracting, Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service. 5. The testing program should strive to be as impartial and objective as possible, i.e., to remove subjectivity of both the procedures and the testing tools. 0000004193 00000 n When you get into a Commercial agreement (contract), you are simply intending that the law enforce whatever it is that you as a party in that contract desire. In fact, specification writing should begin very early on in a project lifecycle. specification is to provide a basis for obtaining a good or When validation is coupled with certification, successful completion of conformance testing results in the issuance of a certificate (or brand) indicating that the implementation conforms to the appropriate specification. These will be cheaper, more reliable and easier to source. 3. This button displays the currently selected search type. Requisition 2 enables the buyer to go and research the market and benchmark against specific needs and where He/She can, achieve a cost reduction against the specification without delivering something that may not be fit for purpose. A locked padlock Failure to pass a test implies failure to conform. criteria for the purpose of qualifying the bid document. Date and place where the product was manufactured. Conformance is how well realities match specifications, rules, principles and plans. both product and price competition requires that specifications at least two brand names that will satisfy the Conformance tests are meant to provide the users of conforming products some assurance or confidence that the product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or has an interface or format that is known. Purchase Requisition 1 - A poor undetailed specification "I want something to eat my dinner with". Official websites use .gov Inspections will be conducted on the products at delivery:6.1.1 Any defect on the products.6.1.2 Conformance to specifications and functionality.. Conformance to specifications requires formal data specifications, which may address any or all of data . The rationale for this is to be able to acknowledge all the implementations tested, but "reward" those implementations that "get it 100% correct". 1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and supply of bare overhead transmission line conductors. product is to be put together. Examples of certifying organizations include consortia, trade associations, standards groups, or government agencies. Here is one example. a. legitimate but limited place in public purchasing. 0000004431 00000 n But what are specifications? Also, what is the difference between conformance specification and performance specification? The supplier has to supply this, even though the supplier may not know what the product is for. What are Performance/Output Based Specifications? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Lisa J. Carnahan National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Gaithersburg, Md. Provide the date(s) and place when the product was tested for compliance with the consumer product safety rule(s) cited above: Provide the location(s) of the testing and the date(s) of the test(s) or test report(s) on which certification is being based. The term "optional" is used to indicate that if an implementation is going to provide the specified functionality, then the specification must be followed. contracting for buildings, highways, and other public works, and There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: #1 CONFORMANCE SPECIFICATION With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: Engineering drawing A chemical formula Model name, number or brand etc this specification is used, tangible performance, quality How do you know that the software conforms? This is the official blog of Sofeast.com. Finally, the testing policy and procedure should identify and define the actions of the organization(s) responsible for conducting the tests, handling disputes, and issuing certificates (or brands) of validation. Thus, quality of conformance equates to conformance to specifications within an acceptable tolerance range. 0000009883 00000 n 0000006359 00000 n By definition, a In addition, it requires high level of maturity of internal requesting customer department. Additionally it may specify the permissibility of extensions, options, and alternative approaches and how they are to be handled. model numbers, or other designations that identify the specific Performance responsibilities focus on strategy, value creation and resource utilization whereas conformance responsibilities focus on providing assurance to stakeholders that the organization . A conformance testing program usually includes: A specification/standard that includes a conformance clause and a test tools are essential to defining and measuring conformance. In the marketplace, conformance test suites and consequently conformance testing provides a vehicle for exchanging information between buyer and seller. BRAND-NAME SPECIFICATIONS: The purpose intended. They often refer to particular documents, and/or particular information within them. However, this is generally impossible for implementations of nontrivial specifications. defined in the bid invitation. This free eBook shows importers who are new to outsourcing production to China or Vietnam the five key foundations of a proven Quality Assurance strategy, and also shows you some common traps that importers fall intoandhow to avoid or overcome them in order to get the best possible production results. should be put on notice that the criteria used to define These criteria and For this reason it is a good practice to write a test of the Spec at the same time the Spec is being written. DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although Haytham Abdel-Rahman, MBA. products are equal and this basis must be predicated upon Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. specifications customarily employ dimensional and other physical Sample 1 Sample 2 Generally, there are two main types of specification, conformance and performance Conformance specification; In this case the buyer details exactly what the product must have, as in what they want the product to be like!. 4. It is generally inspected during customs clearance if the product being imported requires it. "functional" and "performance" are used conformity testing - conformity assessment by means of testing. According to a study by the Gartner Group[1], the private sector spends over $2.2 trillion on information technology (IT) annually. 0000007885 00000 n 0000069347 00000 n 0000007908 00000 n It may also be called a certificate of conformance or certificate of conformity.. this sense means that the specification concentrates on how the Get in touch with me and I will give you a tailored recommendation or quotation. Conformance tests should be used by implementers early-on in the development process, to improve the quality of their implementations and by industry associations wishing to administer a testing and certification program. establish a QPL must list the products that have been Marketing teams and customers view quality in terms of satisfying customer needs and meeting customer expectations. Although there may be by vendors to add products to the QPL. I will be discussing topics covering all aspects of the Supply chain (particularly Procurement) fuctions, Change Managment ideas and theories and IT software solutions (General focus being ERPSystems such as INFOR M3)For business needs. Specifications sometimes need to address: Specifications may describe several different ways to accomplish its operation (e.g., a choice of file formats or codes). of function and cost. In some cases, it has to be provided for EVERY part with its own serial number. 6. Conformance Clause Every specification SHALL contain a conformance clause. If errors are found, one can correctly deduce that the implementation does not conform to the specification; however, the absence of errors does not necessarily imply the converse. suitability of specifications, Procurement cannot initiate or The alternative is falsification testing, a strategy that results in a level of confidence that an implementation conforms. Quality standards are defined as documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines, or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose. brand-name specifications has the effect of limiting the bidding The XSLT test suite will allow users to customize the test suite to filter out optional category tests. Other conformance related terms include validation and certification. Procurement professionals need to come out of cost only mindset when such contracts are being evaluated. Sometimes, its really challenging to collect/get what your organization need .. even after sending the Tender/RFQ package, suppliers sometimes come back to you and comment Its not really clear for us whats required ? The buyer uses the results of the testing to verify that a seller provides a product that conforms to the specification and meet procurement requirements. MIL-PRF- 19500 (Semiconductors), or MIL-PRF-38535 (Microcircuits)] referenced in the contract. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. the methods for establishing and maintaining a QPL varies widely programs and staff activities. Some recent standards include, as official parts of the standard, lists of assertions. Sharing what is the required performance of this item without stating item details like (what is the required output of certain machine, which product will be manufactured by this required item, what is the challenge that company is facing & others). Conformance to specifications means to meet any requirements defined for the product, not only regulatory. j.h8 In essence this is less rigid than conformance specification. Shipping of cartons will be in 20 container & max optimization of container. trailer << /Size 1253 /Info 1209 0 R /Root 1216 0 R /Prev 331028 /ID[<421cc0d9af76233486a43ba075a266a0><421cc0d9af76233486a43ba075a266a0>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1216 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1212 0 R /Metadata 1210 0 R /Outlines 157 0 R /OpenAction [ 1217 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 1208 0 R /StructTreeRoot 1206 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20020325133406)>> >> /LastModified (D:20020325133406) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 1251 0 obj << /S 702 /O 971 /L 987 /C 1003 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1252 0 R >> stream A good conformance clause is the ultimate goal of these guidelines, and is sanctioned by conformance to this specification. have been trained. 0000009860 00000 n Although the terms validation and conformance testing are often interchanged, they are not the same. An example would be a recipe for a food . Typically, the decision to establish a testing program is based on weighing the benefits achieved by obtaining conformance versus the costs of creating and running a validation and certification program. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) are addressing XML-related interoperability issues by jointly developing test suites that are intended to complement the W3C Recommendations. Is it a marketing or business requirement? The tests are then executed and the results displayed. is less interested in dimensions and materials and configurations The difference between the performance dimension and the conformance dimension is that the former is more forward-looking and the later backward-looking. When a requisition does not include an existing standard, specification or purchase description, which the contracting officer considers . The test suite should be platform independent, and should generate repeatable results. 3. How To Manufacture A Product In China (without losing your shirt)? Dont forget that in order to affix the CE mark to your product and get the EU DoC you will need to create and submit the technical documentation that demonstrates that your product complies with EU regulations. 4. Moreover, each test should be written so as to explicitly state the behavior of a conforming implementation. https://www.nist.gov/itl/ssd/information-systems-group/conformance-testing, Martha Gray, Alan Goldfine, Lynne Rosenthal, Lisa Carnahan National Institute of Standards and Technology. Procurements primary role of taking a business requirement (specification) finding a supplier/suppliers , negotiating a deal and then ordering the item is all hinged on that first step! . And, in some cases, specific documents are required for certification or to show the end user/customer, that the product is safe. A defect can lead to a failure that might result in loss of life. The other approach adopts the weaker overall requirement that, while extensions are allowed, an implementation must perform all the functionality in the specifications exactly as specified. Some may require that committees test the Contracting officers must assess the adequacy and applicability of any standards, specifications, including client-developed specifications, or purchase descriptions included by a client in the requisition. A testing laboratory can be an organization or individual, and can either be accredited from a formal accreditation organization such as NIST's National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) or recognized by the buyer, seller, and certificate issuer, as qualified to perform the testing. In 1991, ISO/IEC DIS 10641 defined conformance testing as "test to evaluate the adherence or non-adherence of a candidate implementation to a standard." Procurement has final responsibility for the competitiveness and Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. If such a list is provided, the starting point for the development of the test suite is the list of assertions for the standard. [1] Gartner Group, a Stamford, CT based consulting company, [2] ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996, Standardization and Related Activities General Vocabulary, Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, Created September 8, 2010, Updated August 25, 2016, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP). SPECIFICATION DEFINITIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. 3 What steps lead conformance to specification? 1. However, the responsible party or any other party marketing the equipment must provide a test report and other information demonstrating compliance with the rules upon request by the Commission. tests or other criteria for comparing, examining and approving All Goods provided by Contractor to Company shall conform to Company's applicable specifications, drawings, samples or other descriptions. I like the point about cost only .. It will be super helpful to build on that. Although conformance testing may include some of these kinds of tests, it has one fundamental difference -- the requirements or criteria for conformance must be specified in the standard or specification. These criteria may or may not require implementations to pass 100% of the specifications. What makes a good specification in procurement? Secure .gov websites use HTTPS 1215 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 1217 /H [ 1477 988 ] /L 355460 /E 76811 /N 21 /T 331040 >> endobj xref 1215 38 0000000016 00000 n ISO/IEC Guide 2 also mentions that "Typical examples of conformity assessment activities are sampling, testing and inspection; evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity (supplier's declaration, certification); registration, accreditation and approval as well as their combinations.". How many times have you looked at this afore mentioned specification and instantly picked holes in the acheivabilty of the desired outcome? Often times, errors or ambiguities in the specification are discovered. Generically, a conformance test suite is a collection of combinations of legal and illegal inputs to the implementation being tested, together with a corresponding collection of "expected results." A good specification should do four things: (1) Reference method tests and PEMS drift tests are conducted to determine conformance of the PEMS with the specification. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. What are the types of specifications when contracting? We are not lawyers. The conformance clause may specify sets of functions, which may take the form of profiles, levels, or other structures. CoC for importing consumer goods in the USA, Certification authorization vs. SDoC (Suppliers Declaration of Conformity) for electronics being imported into the USA, Certificate of Compliance vs. They rely on self-assessment by the implementer (1st party testing) and acceptance testing by buyers. 8 What does it mean to have a conformance clause? It is possible for a standard to have both profiles and levels defined for the entire specification (i.e., an implementer could choose to implement any one of (number of profiles) x (number of levels) subsets). specification. This early stage work also provides an understanding of the performance requirements of the project, so that when discussions develop on complexes, entities, space, locations, elements, systems and products, these form part of the build-up of a specification. DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although Is this a requirement that comes from a particular type of user? Tip - Never design and make a product if there is an 'off-the-shelf' part available. Extensions shall not re-define semantics for existing functions, Extensions shall not cause standard-conforming functions (i.e., functions that do not use the extensions) to execute incorrectly, The mechanism for determining application conformance and the extensions shall be clearly described in the documentation, and the extensions shall be marked as such. 0000003930 00000 n It would then be up to a purchaser to decide the criteria (how many or what kinds of errors) it wishes to use to make implementations eligible for purchase. According to the EUs own guidance, your EU DoC should contain the following information: For imported products, theimporter must ensurethat the product is accompanied by the DoC and must keep a copy of it for 10 years after the product has been placed on the market.
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