Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. deleted: false or $[. But there are cases where you need to take custom actions like saving a response to a file, file reading or writing, etc. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. Karate Framework for API Testing | Learn Automation { if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. How can I see who wants to message me on Messenger? And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. 10 How to call custom Java code in karate API tests? JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. "b": 2, This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are advised to use this only as a last resort ! And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. } It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. { You should see the Karate: Run | Karate: Debug code lense on top of the feature and every scenario. Karates capabilities include being able to run tests in parallel, HTML reports and compatibility with Continuous Integration tools. all the key-value pairs are added to the HTTP headers. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ To run only a single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by :. For example, if you have a runner under . ] And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. You are free to organize your files using regular Java package conventions. The function has to return a JSON object. You can use print to log variables to the console in the middle of a script. But, you will need runners to run your test cases on the CI/CD pipelines.Here, you can implement the JUnit runner classes and use them to execute your test cases.. Karate will execute all the feature files with the same level and the levels below within the runner class. "b": 2, Let's write a scenario test using the Karate Framework - GitHub Pages Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. After one year KarateIDE have reached Version 1.0.0.The best user experience for KarateDSL, by far!! This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. You can skip this section and jump straight to the Syntax Guide if you are in a hurry to get started with Karate. Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. function() { And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. Karate Demo | Karate This example uses contains and the #? For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). { Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. Once you get a result, you typically use it to set global variables. karate. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. It can also be executed by using @GetValue Tag in an external feature. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. In other words, { a: 1, b: null } is considered equal to { a: 1 } and { a: 1, b: '##null' } will match both cases. Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. And the right-hand-side can be any valid Karate expression. Link to my code repo on Git hubhttps://github.com/KalimohTraining/KarateTrainingLink to Karate Project on GitHub:https://github.com/intuit/karateDescription . Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. Difference between "select-editor" and "update-alternatives --config editor". It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. The argument can be provided after the function name, without parentheses, which makes things slightly more readable (and less cluttered) especially when the solitary argument is JSON. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. input: { You can find more details here. This enables more concise tests, and the file can be re-usable in multiple, data-driven tests. JSON can be combined with the ability to call other *.feature files to achieve dynamic data-driven testing in Karate. Variables can be referred to within JSON, for example: So the rule is - if a string value within a JSON (or XML) object declaration is enclosed between #( and ) - it will be evaluated as a JavaScript expression. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). 1. Karate DSL : Getting started - Knoldus Blogs The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. cucumber. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. Karate UI | Karate Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. GitHub - sanogotech/hello-karate-springboot: A Getting Started Guide Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. Or - if a call is made without an assignment, and if the function returns a map-like object, it will add each key-value pair returned as a new variable into the execution context. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). Test data can be within the main flow itself, which makes scripts highly readable. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). And most importantly - you can run tests in parallel without having to depend on third-party hacks that introduce code-generation and config bloat into your pom.xml or build.gradle. In this chapter, we will discuss memory coalescing. Important: do not use the @RunWith(Karate.class) annotation. API tests are written using Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) Gherkin syntax. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). Annotate the test with the . Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. """, """ My karate config file is calling a feature file which in turn is calling a JAVA file to get the user name of machine to set some conditions. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. And yes, relative paths will work. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. Note that a single JS function is sufficient to transform a given JSON object into a completely new one, and you can use complex conditional logic if needed. In such cases, you have to use string quotes: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }. Requirement: Open a feature file in VSCode Editor and ensure a line associated with a test has cursor focus. Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. The Background is optional. If your XPath is dynamic and has to be formed on the fly perhaps by using some variable derived from previous steps, you can use the karate.xmlPath() helper: You can refer to this file (which is part of the Karate test-suite) for more XML examples: xml-and-xpath.feature. { response is a built-in variable in karate that stores HTTP API response. Karate is an open-source API test automation tool. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). You can adjust configuration settings for the HTTP client used by Karate using this keyword. Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. #12 - Test Runner in Karate Junit5 || Run Feature Files from Maven If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5 . Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work.