Ahilyabai Holkar was born on 31 May 1725 in the village of Chaundi (present-day Ahmednagar, Maharashtra). Initially disbelieving of the praise heaped on her by dynastic friends and allies, Malcolm went searching among all ranks and classes, he said, for a more balanced assessment. As the kingdom bled and mourned the deaths of Khanderao and his son, Holkar ascended the throne and became the ruler of Indore on December 11, 1767. John Keay called her 'The Philosopher Queen', a reference perhaps to the 'Philosopher king' Bhoj. She used to go the durbar in the afternoon from two to six. Ahilyabai herself went to the battlefield with her female bodyguards to face Raghunathrao. Thanks for contributing an answer to History Stack Exchange! The son of Khande Rao and grandson of Malhar Rao, Male Rao became the ruler under regency. gunoji, who was a close advisor to Ahilyabai Holkar, the Queen of Indore, is believed to have died during a battle in 1767. not much is known about his death, but it is thought that he was killed while trying to protect the queen. Women then did not go to school, but her father taught her to read and write. She was the daughter on Mankoji Shinde. Her father, Mankoji Rao Shinde, was the Patil (chief) of the village and home-schooled Ahilyabai to read and write despite womens education being a far-fetched idea in the village. Today we salute the spirit of Ahilyabai Holkar and the way she handled her kingdom in patriarchal society. After one year, she took over the affairs of Holkar fief. Ahilyabai developed a small village into a wealthy and beautiful city Indore. She even established a textile industry in the city of Maheshwar. It will die only if you kill it straight in the face, Or else, once caught in its powerful hold, the bear will kill its prey by tickling. On 5 April 1767, Male Rao sank into insanity and died within a year of succession. Born in Poona in 1798, he was the posthumous son of Malhar Rao Holkar. She earned great reputation during her reign which will be an inspiration for the future generation. She moved the capital to Maheshwar south of Indore on the Narmada River. No cause of death has been released. Whenever her signatures would be needed in any royal proclamation, the words Shri Shankara would be seen near the signature. Ahilyabai donated money from her personal resources to charity. Malerao was mentally unwell and died of his illness in 1767. Popularly known as Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar and she was born in 1725 in the village of Chondi in. Click here if you want to make a contribution of your choice instead. Ahilyabai inherited personal funds estimated at sixteen crores rupees at the time. In 1754, on request of support from Imad-ul-Mulk, the Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadurs Mir Bakhshi, Khanderao Holkar, laid the siege of Kumher fort of Jat Maharaj Suraj Mal of Bharatpur State who had sided with the Mughal Emperors rebellious wazir Safdar Jang. When Malhar died, Ahilyas son was made the King but his rule could last for just eight months and then he died while fighting in the battle. At this point of time Malhar Rao Holkar who was her father-in-law became more famous. She is known for her charitable works in the entire country. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2012-2023 On Secret Hunt - All Rights Reserved References [ edit] What was the relationship between Indian caste system and martial skills? She personally led armies into battle. Ahilyabais husband Khanderao Holkar was killed in the battle of Kumbher in 1754. Ahilyabai's victory helped her to establish her authority over the kingdom, but the conflict also strained her relationship with Gangadhar Rao, who was her trusted advisor and confidant.[11]. She was married to Khanderao Holkar in 1733 at the tender age of 8. He had a son and a daughter. Her legacy is not documented in a structured way in history textbooks or popular references either. All information published on this website is provided in good faith and for general use only. It is unclear who was with gunoji when he died. At the age of 70, Ahilyabai died on 13th August 1795. During her reign, art and culture flourished within her kingdom. The Bhils who had long been the torment of all caravans were routed from their mountain fastnesses and persuaded to settle down as honest farmers. Did Hitler really support Subhash Chandra Bose's cause and did he do anything to help Bose? Punyashloka Ahilyabai Holkar was the wife of Khanderao, who was Malharraos son. The Holkars generals under Peshwa Baji Rao I, and later became Maharajas of Indore in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Empire until 1818. Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar was a great Maratha woman ruler of Malwa. Despite womens education being a far cry in the village, her father homeschooled her to read and write. Ahilya Bai was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India. Male Rao Holkar was appointed as the ruler and Ahilyabai being the regent. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. He did this by promising the craftsmen, merchants, weavers and officers that he would provide them with land and houses. Ahilyabai's rule is remembered as a golden age in Malwa's history. Toad Testicles, Foul-Beard and Broad-Arse. What is the correct way to screw wall and ceiling drywalls? [6] They got married in 1735. She petitioned the then Peshwa to allow her to take over the administration of Malwa after the death of Malhar Rao. But inspite of all these, her territories were not disturbed and attacked and her power was still stable. WS25-WS33 (jstor). Ahilyabai Holkar was born in 1727 to an erstwhile Gujarati Brahmin family who had decided to settle in Indore. The first award was given by the Prime Minister of India to Nanaji Deshmukh. Ahilya Bai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her son with Khande Rao. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The old rulers death led to his grandson and Ahilyabais only son Male Rao Holkar ascending the throne under her regency. Malhar Rao's death soon followed, and Ahalyabai's son Male Rao was named head of the government, but he was mentally unstable and died shortly thereafter. She was famous for having built numerous forts and roads in Malwa, sponsoring festivals and giving donations to many Hindu temples. So he made up his mind to take Ahilya to their territory and get his son Khande Rao married to her. At first, Ahilyabais son Male Rao Holkar was appointed as the ruler, with Ahilyabai as the regent. She did not allow her grief over her loss to interfere with the administration of the kingdom or the lives of her subjects. The show revolves around Queen Ahilyabai Holkar, who broke all gender-stereotypes set by the patriarchal society during the 18th century in India. No more was the farmer a mere victim of oppression but a self-sufficient man in his own right. After her death, her commander-in-chief and nephew Tukoji Rao Holkar succeeded her. She was of the age of seventy. Please read these FAQs before contributing. He even trained her to handle the state and its governance. Gunojis tomb took an incredible amount of time to build. In 1767, Malerao died of his illness as he was mentally unstable. Soon she gained permission and went on to become the ruler of Malwa as well. In this period she played an instrumental role in unifying her two kingdoms and forging strong trade links with both Britain and France. But he died on 5 April 1767 due to his mental illness. Ahilyabai Holkar, queen of the Malwa kingdom in north-west central India, part of the Maratha empire, died on 13 August 1795, having reigned for nearly 30 years. He was the Commander of Peshwa Bajirao and also the Lord of the Malwa territory. Maharani Ahilyas Reign and Administration. When Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded Punjab in 1765, Malhar Rao was busy fighting the Abdali-Rohilla army in Delhi. "The reign of Ahilyabai, of Indore in central India, lasted for thirty years. The big artillery should be kept at Gwalior and you should proceed further after making proper arrangements for it's expenses for a month. Malhar Rao Holkar, lord of the Malwa territory, stopped in Chaundi on his way to Pune. It dates back to when the acclaimed Lord of the Malwa territory, Malhar Rao Holkar, spotted an eight-year-old Ahilyabai at the temple service feeding the hungry and poor, on his stop in Chaundi while travelling to Pune. She married Khande Rao in 1733. After a few years Ahilya made Maheshwar her capital which made the palace more famous. But she was never like this. Ahilyabai was married to Khanderao Holkar in 1733 at the tender age of 8. 1556332. Rajmata Ahilyabai Holkar was the Holkar Queen of the Malwa kingdom. Construction of 9 temples including those of Shri Tarakeshwar, Shri Gangaji, Ahilya Dwarkeshwar, Gautameshwar; (re)construction of Ghats including Manikarnika Ghat, Dashashwamedh Ghat, Janana Ghat, Ahilya Ghat, Shitala Ghat; construction of Uttarkashi Dharmashala, Rameshwar Panchkoshi Dharmashala, Kapila Dhara Dharmashala & gardens[21][22], Malcolm, J., A Memoir of Central India, quoted in, Quote of an English writer given in the book, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 06:59, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, "Ahilyabai Holkar Information in English | Ahilyabai Holkar", "Khande Rao Holkar ki 267 vi Punytithi (17 March )", "Shri Kashi Vishwanath Temple A Brief history", Ahilyadevi Holkar: A Magnificent Ruler, Saintly Administrator, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahilyabai_Holkar&oldid=1141678774, A film titled Devi Ahilya Bai was produced in 2002 featuring. . The poor, the homeless, the orphaned were all helped according to their needs. Ahilyabai Holkar, queen of the Malwa kingdom in north-west central India, part of the Maratha empire, died on13 August 1795, having reigned for nearly 30 years. So what was reason of his death, whether it was some serious sickness or a war or something else? In 1747, he started the construction of his royal palace, the Rajwada. Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? The story of Maheshwar, and more importantly the history of Holkars family, is deeply ingrained in Maheshwar and the Indore region. She not only focused on her dominions but she tried her best to restore the Hindu shrines which were destroyed by the Islamic invaders. Ahilya Bai Holkar Jayanti 2022: Facts About 'The Philosopher Queen' Of Malwa, International Women's Day 2023: Personality Traits Of Women Of Each Zodiac Sign, Women's Day 2023: Vaikom Vijayalakshmi, The Born Blind Singer Who Made It To The Top, Womens Day: How Female Sex Drive Changes In Your 20s, 30s, 40s And Beyond. 3. Death. What is a word for the arcane equivalent of a monastery? Ahilyabai repealed a traditional law that had previously empowered the state to confiscate the property of childless widows. After the death of her husband, Ahilyabai denied undergoing Sati, a practice of burning widows along with the dead body of their husbands. During her reign, the merchants produced their most elegant clothes and trade flourished to no end. A woman of modern times, Ahilyabai's rule is remembered as a golden age in the history of Maratha Empire. Ahilyabai died on 13 August 1795 at the age of 70. Maharani AhilyaBai Holkar was a great ruler. Male Rao Holkar was a young and promising ruler of the Holkar dynasty who died in 1767 at the age of 22, leaving no direct descendants. She was a pure vegetarian. Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? She made Maheshwar, a town on the banks of the Narmada river, her own capital. She served as the regent for her son, the later Maharaja Sawai Madhavrao I of Maratha rule from 1784-1795. She was of the age of seventy. He was 79 years old. She did not let the grief of her loss affect the administration of the kingdom and the lives of her people. N. N. Nagrale: "Ahilyabai and her Benevolent Administration", Proceedings of the Indian History Congress , 1979, Vol. 16. There are two universities named Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya in Indore, In 2006, a statue of Ahilyabai Holkar was unveiled on the premises of the Parliament Library Building by Vice-President, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 06:59. Malhar Rao died in 1766, 12 years after the death of his son Khanderao Holker. She used to hold public audiences daily. He had four sons Kashi Rao, Malhar Rao II Holkar, Yashwant Rao, Vithoji Rao. Malhar became very rich and had many extra lands, forts and ground. In 1754, Khanderao, Ahilyabais husband was killed during the siege of Kumher. Ahilyabai built hundreds of temples and Dharmashalas throughout India. She already knew how to handle legal matters. Her father-in-law died in 1766, and he was succeeded by Ahalyabai's son Malerao, who was by then 21 years old. After the death of Ahilyabai he became the fourth ruler of Malwa. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Khanderao will be allowed to show proof against Gunoji in court and this will lead to a big twist in the story. After the death of Khanderao, Ahilyabai became the ruler of Indore. Equally terse: She began to assume more and more of the responsibilities of rulership. She led armies into battle and appointed Tikoji Rao Holkar as the Chief of the militia. Cosidering the dangers of life in ancient and medieval times I don't think thre was a particularly poor track record. Why does Mister Mxyzptlk need to have a weakness in the comics? 23, No. Born in the village of Chondi in Jamkhed, Ahmednagar, she became queen of the kingdom in 1785 and held the position until her death in 1848. Mittal, Kewal Krishan, Keshav Wagh, and Harishchandra Barthwal. It was also known as Dhangad community and was known as the herding caste. Indore long mourned its noble Queen, happy had been her reign, and her memory is cherished with deep reverence unto this day. He had been her strongest pillar of support at the time. Conclusion. It did not matter for her whether the person belong to a high caste or to a low one. Ahilya followed her routine very strictly. His fame and fortune increased to a higher level. In 1745, she gave birth to their son Malerao Holkar and a daughter Muktabai in 1748. This resulted in a huge void in the power structure of the kingdom. On 11 December 1767, the Peshwa granted her permission. People requested her not to commit Sati, but she said her husband had pledged to accompany her lifelong, and now he has left midway. Following the death of Male Raao Holkar, Gangadhar Rao, Malhar Rao Holkar's dewan, believing Ahilyabai to be a weak powerless widow, tried to usurp royal authority for himself by requesting Ahilyabai to adopt him as her son & grant all administrative power to him but she promptly refused to do so. Khanderao Holkar had one wife only Rani Ahilyabai Holkar. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The couple was soon blessed with a baby girl in 1748. She came to power in 1767, after the death of her father-in-law, Malhar Rao Holkar, and her young, sickly son. She always worked for their welfare. He was the only son of Khande Rao Holkar Bahadur, and his mother was Ahilya Bai Holkar. He saw the eight-year-old Ahilyabai at the temple service in the village. What was the cause of death of Male Rao Holkar? Any action you take based on the information found on cgaa.org is strictly at your discretion. She defended the Malwa state against intruders and personallyled armies into battle, with Tukoji Rao Holkar as her military commander.[2]. Required fields are marked *. In one story, he put scorpions into the shoes of some courtiers; they were bitten and died. Craftsmen, sculptors and artists received salaries and honours at her capital and she even established a textile industry in Maheshwar. Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. We at The Better India want to showcase everything that is working in this country. One can imagine how a woman, royalty or not, would suffer after losing her husband, father-in-law and only son. Devoted to the welfare of the people of his state, he brought industrialization to Indore by promoting the cotton industry and Indore became known as the Little Bombay. The more enquiry is pursued, he wrote, the more admiration is excited., His own final assessment? Just a year into her rule, one saw the brave Holkar queen protect her kingdom fighting off invaders tooth and nail from plundering Malwa. ", "From the original papers and letters, it becomes clear that she was the first-class politician, and that was why she readily extended her support to Mahadji Shinde. But Ahilyabai stood undeterred. The poor, the homeless, the orphaned were all helped according to their needs. She is remembered not only because she went against the societal norms but she inspired the other people through her deeds and actions. Throughout her married life, she was brought up by her mother in law Gautama Bai who is credited today for the values instilled in Ahilya. Thus he was also the grand-nephew of Malhar Rao Holkar. Malhar Rao's death soon followed, and Ahalyabai's son Male Rao was named head of the government, but he was mentally unstable and died shortly thereafter. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. But his reign lasted only a few months before he died. Richard is the descendant of Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar, a warrior queen who helped to liberate India from the Mughal Empire in the late 18th century and built the fort over the sacred river at Maheshwar. The Peshwa granted her permission on 11 December 1767, with subhedar Tukoji Rao Holkar (Malhar Rao's adopted son) as her military head. This village is today present in the district of Ahmednagar in Maharashtra. The last straw came when the young monarch Male Rao too died, a few months into his rule, on 5 April 1767, thus creating a vacuum in the power structure of the kingdom. She was the ruler of Indore for many years. She was a brave warrior and a skilled archer. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. She did it from her own funds and never used the public's money. 30, 1988), pp. When she died she was 70 and was succeeded by Tukoji Rao Holkar I, commander-in-chief. On 5 April 1767, Male Rao sank into insanity and died within a year of succession. They possessed their personal funds, which they had accumulated through their private property. They were employed so that they would protect the travelling merchants from any sort of harm or problem. [2], After the demise of her husband Khande Rao Holkar and father-in-law Malhar Rao Holkar, Ahilya Bai herself undertook the affairsof Holkar dynasty. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Ahilyabai Holkar was born on 31 March 1725 in Chondi, Jamkhed in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Ahilyabai defended her realms from Rajput raids in the aftermath of the Rajputs defeating the Maratha army led by Mahadji Scindia at the battle of Lalsot. Tukoji Rao Holkar was appointed by Ahilya to become the chief of the army. Khanderao had ten wives. She was married to Khanderao Holkar in 1733 at the tender age of 8. Khande Rao was inspecting his troops in an open palanquin during the battle when a cannonball fired from the Jat army hit him, leading to his death. Ahilya Bai's capital at Maheshwar was the scene of literary, musical, artistic and industrial enterprise. In 1733, she married Khanderao Holkar. [2] She is specially renowned for refurbishing & reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated & demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. After a few days, Malharrao also passed away. From many historical sources, we come to know that Male Rao Holkar died due to illness, but from one source we also come to know that Male Rao had punished an innocent person, and due to this, he was depressed and succumbed to illness. A woman ahead of her times, Ahilyabais greatest sorrow continued to remain the irony that her daughter jumped into the funeral pyre and became a Sati upon the death of her husband, Yashwantrao Phanse. Modern History of Maharashtra (1818-1947 CE), Ahilyabai Holkar Life, Accomplishments, and Honor, Objections in the coronation of Ahilyabai, Education, Culture, and Arts during Ahilyabai Reign, Causes of the Third Battle of Panipat - History Flame, Khanderao Holkar - Husband of Ahilyabai Holkar - History Flame, Vishnupad Temple, Gaya - Footprint of Lord Vishnu - History Flame, Tukoji Rao Holkar - Adopted Son of Malhar Rao Holkar - History Flame, Kashi Rao Holkar - Son of Tukoji Rao Holkar - History Flame, Bipin Chandra Pal - The Father of Revolutionary Thoughts - History Flame, Male Rao Holkar - Son of Ahilyabai Holkar - History Flame. Ahilya accompanied Khande Rao on many campaigns. It will die only if you kill it straight in the face, Or else, once caught in its powerful hold; the bear will kill its prey by tickling. According to a legend, she rose to prominence when Malhar Rao Holkar, a commander in the army of Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I and ruler of Malwa, stopped in Chaundi on his way to Pune and saw the eight-year-old Ahilya at a temple service in the village. Ahilyabai gently influenced his thinking and mended his wayward nature by repeating her statecraft and training lessons to him and told him stories from the epics. Her confidante on military matters was Subhedar Tukojirao Holkar (also Malhar Raos adopted son) whom she appointed the head of the military. Far and wide the roads were planted with shady trees, and wells were made, and rest-houses for travelers. She encouraged the poor to engage themselves in farming and trading so that the problem of theft and crime would be reduced. Your IP: Thus it can be said that Ahilyas entry in the history of India was an accidental one. 700706 (jstor). What was the legal framework in Ancient India? Tukoji Rao Holkar I who was her commander-in-chief took over her rule after her death. ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? After twelve years, her father-in-law, Malhar Rao Holkar died. When she was in reign, the states revenue increased. The couple had four children together: Rajmata (Queen) Maniben, Sawai Man Singh II, Bhawani Bai and Shreemant Tukojirao Holkar Jr. Whenever there was any sort of war, she managed to maintain peace and harmony through diplomacy and statesmanship. Ahilyabai supported the rise of merchants, farmers, and cultivators to levels of affluence. ", "For thirty years her reign of peace,The land in blessing did increase;And she was blessed by every tongue,By stern and gentle, old and young.Yea, even the children at their mother's feet,Are taught such homely rhyming to repeat.In latter days from Brahma came,To rule our land, a noble Dame,Kind was her heart and bright her fame,And Ahilya was her honored name.". What happened to John F Kennedy's face when he was shot? She was married to Khanderao Holkar in 1733 at the tender age of 8. An Infosys Foundation Initiative for Innovations in Healthcare, Education & Women Empowerment. She respected everyone who worked for her, whether they were the officers or the clerks. She not built temples but also paid for the upkeep of learned pandits for contemplation and preaching of scriptures. A woman of modern times, Ahilyabai's rule is remembered as a golden age in Indore's history. She took care of the soldiers family who were loyal or the ones who died while fighting in the battle. She would pray again after having her breakfast and then take a short break. He taught her about the political aspects and always kept her informed about it. But the story is cited by some as evidence of her divine wisdom and the depth of her caring for the people of her kingdom. Armed with swords and weapons, she led armies into the battlefield. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. Ahilyabais capital at Maheshwar was the scene of literary, musical, artistic, and industrial enterprise. She began to assume more and more of the responsibilities of rulership. The traders and bankers became rich because of her help. From a tiny village to a flourishing city, Indore prospered during her 30-year rule. With temples and rest areas in Kedarnath, Srisailam, Omkareshwar and Ujjain, Ahilyabai contributed to the improvement of facilities at other holy sites hosting Jyotirlingas too. A letter to Ahilyabai from her father-in-law Malhar Rao in 1765 illustrates the trust Malhar had in Ahilyabais ability during the furious battle in the 18th century: Proceed to Gwalior after crossing the Chambal. But still Mankoji himself taught her to read and write. Her father Shrimant Tanaji Malusaray Holkar was a reputed general during the Maratha Wars. After the death of her husband, Ahilya Bai was stopped by her father in law from committing sati. It is also one of the largest tombs in Japan and is considered to be a national treasure. How Do You Get Rid Of Hiccups In 5 Seconds. 18 (Apr. However, it is known that gunoji died in his home in Osaka, Japan on July 11, 2007. She protected her land from plundering invaders. Your email address will not be published. Maharani Ahilya died in the year 1795 on August 13th in her capital Maheshwar. But surprisingly, perhaps, one of those leading the way in memorialising her reign as a golden age was Sir John Malcolm, the Scottish diplomat, administrator and soldier, who seized the province from Ahilyabais successors in 1818. It sounds impossible: How could a mother do this? Indore long mourned its noble Queen, happy had been her reign, and her memory is cherished with deep reverence unto this day, writes Besant. Outside Malwa, she built numerous Hindu temples, Ghats, wells, tanks and rest-houses throughout the Indian subcontinent, stretching from the Himalayas to pilgrimage centres in southern India. What was normal attire for Hindu kings in the 15th century? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Performance & security by Cloudflare. This is an extraordinary feat, considering the average life expectancy was only around forty years at the time. After this she would handle the business matters from nine to eleven. She made it sure that she was gentle, fair and straightforward in all the state affairs. She came to power in 1767, after the death of her father-in-law, Malhar Rao Holkar, and her young, sickly son. He failed to find one. When Ahilyabai was about to commit Sati, her father-in-law Malhar Rao refused to let it happen. Ahilyabai Holkar died on 13 August 1795 and was succeeded by her commander-in-chief. Krish Chauhan will be seen as Ahilyabais husband Khande Rao Holkar while Snehlata Vasaikar will be portraying the character of Gautamabai, Ahilyabais mother-in-law. Once she went to judge and weigh the strength of the enemy which was done by Maxim- Least power and greatest weight. Some in Malwa objected to her assumption of rule, but the Holkar faction of Maratha army sided with her. She loved to see her people prosper, and to watch the fine cities grow, and to watch that her subjects were not afraid to display their wealth, lest the ruler should snatch it from them. Even in this case, according to Malcolm, she did give "considerate attention to their habits". [7] He said: "Daughter, my son left me whom I raised with a hope that he would support me in my old age. CGAA will not be liable for any losses and/or damages incurred with the use of the information provided. For thirty years her reign of peace,The land in blessing did increase;And she was blessed by every tongue,By stern and gentle, old and young In those times, women weren't allowed to study but Mankoji Sindhia decided otherwise and taught his daughter to read and write. Tukoji Rao soon abandoned the throne in favor of his son Kashi Rao Holkar in 1997.